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公共政策執(zhí)行的中國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)
賀東航 孔繁斌
《中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)》2011年第5期
2011-10-26
中文摘要:
  國(guó)家制訂的公共政策需要落實(shí)到一定的地方場(chǎng)域,通過(guò)政策細(xì)化或再規(guī)劃的過(guò)程,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)其政策目標(biāo),從而形成中央統(tǒng)一性和地方多樣性的執(zhí)行格局,說(shuō)明公共政策往往具有層級(jí)性;同時(shí),任何一項(xiàng)重大的公共政策還具有多屬性特征,重大領(lǐng)域的改革政策尤為明顯,它同時(shí)承載經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)、文化和生態(tài)等多項(xiàng)任務(wù),其政策目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)取決于多部門(mén)的合作與配套政策的供給。為防止公共政策在執(zhí)行中陷入“碎片化”,可運(yùn)用中國(guó)特色制度的高位推動(dòng),通過(guò)層級(jí)性治理和多屬性治理,采用協(xié)調(diào)、信任、合作、整合、資源交換和信息交流等相關(guān)手段來(lái)解決公共政策在央地之間、部門(mén)之間的貫徹與落實(shí)的問(wèn)題,這在一定意義上即構(gòu)成了公共政策執(zhí)行的中國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
英文摘要:
  To achieve its objectives, a national public policy needs to be implemented in specific local contexts where it is refined and reset. This will give rise to a structure marked by local diversity and central unity, indicating the layered character of public policy. At the same time, each significant public policy, especially reforms in major fields, has multiple attributes. Simultaneously charged with economic, political, social, cultural and ecological missions, it has to rely on multisectoral cooperation and supporting policies to realize its objectives. To prevent public policy implementation from being “fragmented,” it is advisable to introduce an impetus from higherlevel authorities, something unique to the Chinese system; to practice hierarchical and multiobjective governance; and to take measures for coordination, trust, cooperation, integration, resource exchange and information communication in order to solve the problem of implementing public policy across sectors and governments at different levels. This can be regarded in a sense as the Chinese experience in the implementation of public policy.